pump-parser/rawtx_binary.go

package pump_parser

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"iter"
	"math"
	"math/big"

	"github.com/gagliardetto/solana-go"
	"github.com/shopspring/decimal"
)

const rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent uint16 = 7

var rawTxBinaryMagic = [4]byte{'P', 'R', 'T', 'X'}
var rawTxsBinaryMagic = [4]byte{'P', 'R', 'T', 'S'}
var rawTxBlocksBinaryMagic = [4]byte{'P', 'R', 'B', 'S'}

type RawTxBinary struct {
	SchemaVersion uint16
	AddressTable  []solana.PublicKey

	BlockTime        int64
	IndexWithinBlock uint32
	Slot             uint64
	Version          uint8

	AccountList     []uint32
	AccountKeyCount uint32

	Meta        RawTxMetaBinary
	Transaction RawTxTransactionBinary
}

type RawTxsBinary struct {
	SchemaVersion uint16
	AddressTable  []solana.PublicKey
	BlockTime     int64
	Txs           []RawTxBinary
}

type RawTxBlocksBinary struct {
	SchemaVersion uint16
	AddressTable  []solana.PublicKey
	BlockTimes    []int64
	BlockTxCounts []uint32
	Txs           []RawTxBinary
}

type RawTxMetaBinary struct {
	Err                  *TransactionParsedError
	Fee                  uint64
	InnerInstructions    []InnerInstructions
	PostBalances         []uint64
	PreBalances          []uint64
	TokenBalances        []RawTxTokenBalanceBinary
	ComputeUnitsConsumed uint64
}

type RawTxTokenBalanceBinary struct {
	AccountIndex     uint16
	MintAccount      uint16
	OwnerAccount     uint16
	HasOwnerAccount  bool
	ProgramIDAccount uint16
	Decimals         uint8
	HasPreAmount     bool
	PreAmount        string
	HasPostAmount    bool
	PostAmount       string
}

type RawTxTransactionBinary struct {
	Message      RawTxMessageBinary
	Signature    solana.Signature
	HasSignature bool
}

type RawTxMessageBinary struct {
	Header              Header
	Instructions        []Instruction
	AddressTableLookups []RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary
}

type RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary struct {
	AccountKey      uint32
	WritableIndexes []uint8
	ReadonlyIndexes []uint8
}

func NewRawTxBinary(tx *RawTx) (*RawTxBinary, error) {
	if tx == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx is nil")
	}
	addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryBuildAddressTable([]*RawTx{tx})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	addressIndex, err := newTxBinaryAddressIndex(addressTable)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return newRawTxBinaryWithAddressTable(tx, addressTable, addressIndex)
}

func NewRawTxsBinary(txs []RawTx) (*RawTxsBinary, error) {
	txPtrs := make([]*RawTx, 0, len(txs))
	for i := range txs {
		txPtrs = append(txPtrs, &txs[i])
	}
	addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryBuildAddressTable(txPtrs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	addressIndex, err := newTxBinaryAddressIndex(addressTable)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	blockTime, err := rawTxBinarySharedBlockTime(txPtrs, "txs")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := &RawTxsBinary{
		SchemaVersion: rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent,
		AddressTable:  addressTable,
		BlockTime:     blockTime,
		Txs:           make([]RawTxBinary, 0, len(txPtrs)),
	}
	for i, tx := range txPtrs {
		binaryTx, err := newRawTxBinaryWithAddressTable(tx, addressTable, addressIndex)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d], %s: %w", i, tx.TxHash(), err)
		}
		out.Txs = append(out.Txs, *binaryTx)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func NewRawTxBlocksBinary(blocks [][]RawTx) (*RawTxBlocksBinary, error) {
	var txPtrs []*RawTx
	for blockIndex := range blocks {
		for txIndex := range blocks[blockIndex] {
			txPtrs = append(txPtrs, &blocks[blockIndex][txIndex])
		}
	}
	addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryBuildAddressTable(txPtrs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	addressIndex, err := newTxBinaryAddressIndex(addressTable)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := &RawTxBlocksBinary{
		SchemaVersion: rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent,
		AddressTable:  addressTable,
		BlockTimes:    make([]int64, 0, len(blocks)),
		BlockTxCounts: make([]uint32, 0, len(blocks)),
		Txs:           make([]RawTxBinary, 0, len(txPtrs)),
	}
	for blockIndex := range blocks {
		if uint64(len(blocks[blockIndex])) > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d] tx count exceeds uint32 capacity", blockIndex)
		}
		blockTime := int64(0)
		if len(blocks[blockIndex]) > 0 {
			blockTime = blocks[blockIndex][0].BlockTime
			for txIndex := range blocks[blockIndex] {
				if blocks[blockIndex][txIndex].BlockTime != blockTime {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d] block time mismatch: got %d want %d", blockIndex, txIndex, blocks[blockIndex][txIndex].BlockTime, blockTime)
				}
			}
		}
		out.BlockTimes = append(out.BlockTimes, blockTime)
		out.BlockTxCounts = append(out.BlockTxCounts, uint32(len(blocks[blockIndex])))
		for txIndex := range blocks[blockIndex] {
			binaryTx, err := newRawTxBinaryWithAddressTable(&blocks[blockIndex][txIndex], addressTable, addressIndex)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d], %s: %w", blockIndex, txIndex, blocks[blockIndex][txIndex].TxHash(), err)
			}
			out.Txs = append(out.Txs, *binaryTx)
		}
	}
	return out, nil
}

func EncodeRawTxBinary(tx *RawTx) ([]byte, error) {
	binaryTx, err := NewRawTxBinary(tx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryTx.MarshalBinary()
}

func EncodeRawTxsBinary(txs []RawTx) ([]byte, error) {
	binaryTxs, err := NewRawTxsBinary(txs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryTxs.MarshalBinary()
}

func EncodeRawTxBlocksBinary(blocks [][]RawTx) ([]byte, error) {
	binaryBlocks, err := NewRawTxBlocksBinary(blocks)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryBlocks.MarshalBinary()
}

func DecodeRawTxBinary(data []byte) (*RawTx, error) {
	var binaryTx RawTxBinary
	if err := binaryTx.UnmarshalBinary(data); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryTx.ToRawTx()
}

func DecodeRawTxsBinary(data []byte) ([]*RawTx, error) {
	var binaryTxs RawTxsBinary
	if err := binaryTxs.UnmarshalBinary(data); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryTxs.ToRawTxs()
}

func DecodeRawTxBlocksBinary(data []byte) ([][]*RawTx, error) {
	var binaryBlocks RawTxBlocksBinary
	if err := binaryBlocks.UnmarshalBinary(data); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return binaryBlocks.ToRawTxBlocks()
}

func DecodeRawTxsBinaryReader(r io.Reader) iter.Seq2[*RawTx, error] {
	return func(yield func(*RawTx, error) bool) {
		if r == nil {
			yield(nil, fmt.Errorf("raw txs binary reader is nil"))
			return
		}
		dec := txBinaryStreamDecoder{reader: r}
		header, err := rawTxBinaryReadTxsHeader(&dec)
		if err != nil {
			yield(nil, err)
			return
		}
		for i := uint32(0); i < header.count; i++ {
			tx := RawTxBinary{
				SchemaVersion: header.schemaVersion,
				AddressTable:  header.addressTable,
				BlockTime:     header.blockTime,
			}
			if err := rawTxBinaryReadTxBody(&dec, &tx, header.addressTable, &header.blockTime); err != nil {
				yield(nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d]: %w", i, err))
				return
			}
			decodedTx, err := tx.ToRawTx()
			if err != nil {
				yield(nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d]: %w", i, err))
				return
			}
			if !yield(decodedTx, nil) {
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

func newRawTxBinaryWithAddressTable(tx *RawTx, addressTable []solana.PublicKey, addressIndex *txBinaryAddressIndex) (*RawTxBinary, error) {
	accountList := tx.getAccountList()
	if uint64(len(accountList)) > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("account list exceeds uint32 capacity")
	}
	if uint64(len(tx.Transaction.Message.AccountKeys)) > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("message account key count exceeds uint32 capacity")
	}
	if tx.IndexWithinBlock < 0 || uint64(tx.IndexWithinBlock) > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("index within block overflows uint32: %d", tx.IndexWithinBlock)
	}

	out := &RawTxBinary{
		SchemaVersion:    rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent,
		AddressTable:     addressTable,
		BlockTime:        tx.BlockTime,
		IndexWithinBlock: uint32(tx.IndexWithinBlock),
		Slot:             tx.Slot,
		Version:          rawTxBinaryVersionID(tx.Version),
		AccountList:      make([]uint32, 0, len(accountList)),
		AccountKeyCount:  uint32(len(tx.Transaction.Message.AccountKeys)),
	}
	for i, account := range accountList {
		ref, err := addressIndex.id(account)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("account_list[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
		out.AccountList = append(out.AccountList, ref)
	}

	meta, err := rawTxMetaToBinary(&tx.Meta, addressIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out.Meta = meta
	message, err := rawTxMessageToBinary(&tx.Transaction.Message, addressIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out.Transaction = RawTxTransactionBinary{Message: message}
	if len(tx.Transaction.Signatures) > 0 {
		out.Transaction.Signature = tx.Transaction.Signatures[0]
		out.Transaction.HasSignature = true
	}
	return out, nil
}

func (tx *RawTxBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
	if tx == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx binary is nil")
	}
	enc := txBinaryEncoder{}
	enc.writeBytes(rawTxBinaryMagic[:])
	if err := rawTxBinaryWriteHeader(&enc, tx.SchemaVersion, tx.AddressTable); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := rawTxBinaryWriteTxBody(&enc, tx, true); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return enc.bytes(), nil
}

func (txs *RawTxsBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
	if txs == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw txs binary is nil")
	}
	enc := txBinaryEncoder{}
	enc.writeBytes(rawTxsBinaryMagic[:])
	if err := rawTxBinaryWriteHeader(&enc, txs.SchemaVersion, txs.AddressTable); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	enc.writeUint64(uint64(txs.BlockTime))
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(txs.Txs)))
	for i := range txs.Txs {
		if txs.Txs[i].BlockTime != txs.BlockTime {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d] block time mismatch: got %d want %d", i, txs.Txs[i].BlockTime, txs.BlockTime)
		}
		if err := rawTxBinaryWriteTxBody(&enc, &txs.Txs[i], false); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
	}
	return enc.bytes(), nil
}

func (blocks *RawTxBlocksBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
	if blocks == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks binary is nil")
	}
	enc := txBinaryEncoder{}
	enc.writeBytes(rawTxBlocksBinaryMagic[:])
	if err := rawTxBinaryWriteHeader(&enc, blocks.SchemaVersion, blocks.AddressTable); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(blocks.BlockTimes) != len(blocks.BlockTxCounts) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks block time count mismatch: block_times=%d counts=%d", len(blocks.BlockTimes), len(blocks.BlockTxCounts))
	}
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(blocks.BlockTxCounts)))
	for i, count := range blocks.BlockTxCounts {
		enc.writeUint64(uint64(blocks.BlockTimes[i]))
		enc.writeUint32(count)
	}
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(blocks.Txs)))
	txOffset := 0
	for blockIndex, count := range blocks.BlockTxCounts {
		for txIndex := uint32(0); txIndex < count; txIndex++ {
			if txOffset >= len(blocks.Txs) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d]: tx offset out of range", blockIndex, txIndex)
			}
			if blocks.Txs[txOffset].BlockTime != blocks.BlockTimes[blockIndex] {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d] block time mismatch: got %d want %d", blockIndex, txIndex, blocks.Txs[txOffset].BlockTime, blocks.BlockTimes[blockIndex])
			}
			if err := rawTxBinaryWriteTxBody(&enc, &blocks.Txs[txOffset], false); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d]: %w", blockIndex, txIndex, err)
			}
			txOffset++
		}
	}
	if txOffset != len(blocks.Txs) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks unused tx payloads: %d", len(blocks.Txs)-txOffset)
	}
	return enc.bytes(), nil
}

func (tx *RawTxBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
	dec := txBinaryDecoder{reader: bytes.NewReader(data)}
	magic, err := dec.readN(len(rawTxBinaryMagic))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(magic, rawTxBinaryMagic[:]) {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid raw tx binary magic")
	}
	schemaVersion, addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryReadHeader(&dec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tx.SchemaVersion = schemaVersion
	tx.AddressTable = addressTable
	if err := rawTxBinaryReadTxBody(&dec, tx, addressTable, nil); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if dec.reader.Len() != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected trailing raw tx binary data: %d bytes", dec.reader.Len())
	}
	return nil
}

func (txs *RawTxsBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
	dec := txBinaryDecoder{reader: bytes.NewReader(data)}
	header, err := rawTxBinaryReadTxsHeader(&dec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	txs.SchemaVersion = header.schemaVersion
	txs.AddressTable = header.addressTable
	txs.BlockTime = header.blockTime
	txs.Txs = make([]RawTxBinary, 0, header.count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < header.count; i++ {
		tx := RawTxBinary{SchemaVersion: header.schemaVersion, AddressTable: header.addressTable, BlockTime: header.blockTime}
		if err := rawTxBinaryReadTxBody(&dec, &tx, header.addressTable, &header.blockTime); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("tx[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
		txs.Txs = append(txs.Txs, tx)
	}
	if dec.reader.Len() != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected trailing raw txs binary data: %d bytes", dec.reader.Len())
	}
	return nil
}

func (blocks *RawTxBlocksBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
	dec := txBinaryDecoder{reader: bytes.NewReader(data)}
	magic, err := dec.readN(len(rawTxBlocksBinaryMagic))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(magic, rawTxBlocksBinaryMagic[:]) {
		return fmt.Errorf("invalid raw tx blocks binary magic")
	}
	schemaVersion, addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryReadHeader(&dec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	blocks.SchemaVersion = schemaVersion
	blocks.AddressTable = addressTable
	blockCount, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	blocks.BlockTimes = make([]int64, 0, blockCount)
	blocks.BlockTxCounts = make([]uint32, 0, blockCount)
	var totalTxCount uint64
	for i := uint32(0); i < blockCount; i++ {
		blockTime, err := readInt64(&dec)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		count, err := dec.readUint32()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		blocks.BlockTimes = append(blocks.BlockTimes, blockTime)
		blocks.BlockTxCounts = append(blocks.BlockTxCounts, count)
		totalTxCount += uint64(count)
		if totalTxCount > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
			return fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks total tx count exceeds uint32 capacity")
		}
	}
	txCount, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if uint64(txCount) != totalTxCount {
		return fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks tx count mismatch: header=%d blocks=%d", txCount, totalTxCount)
	}
	blocks.Txs = make([]RawTxBinary, 0, txCount)
	var txOffset uint32
	for blockIndex, count := range blocks.BlockTxCounts {
		blockTime := blocks.BlockTimes[blockIndex]
		for txIndex := uint32(0); txIndex < count; txIndex++ {
			tx := RawTxBinary{SchemaVersion: schemaVersion, AddressTable: addressTable, BlockTime: blockTime}
			if err := rawTxBinaryReadTxBody(&dec, &tx, addressTable, &blockTime); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d]: %w", blockIndex, txIndex, err)
			}
			blocks.Txs = append(blocks.Txs, tx)
			txOffset++
		}
	}
	if txOffset != txCount {
		return fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks decoded tx count mismatch: got %d want %d", txOffset, txCount)
	}
	if dec.reader.Len() != 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected trailing raw tx blocks binary data: %d bytes", dec.reader.Len())
	}
	return nil
}

func (tx *RawTxBinary) ToRawTx() (*RawTx, error) {
	if tx == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	accountList, err := rawTxBinaryResolveAccountList(tx.AddressTable, tx.AccountList)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := &RawTx{
		accountList:      append([]solana.PublicKey(nil), accountList...),
		BlockTime:        tx.BlockTime,
		IndexWithinBlock: int64(tx.IndexWithinBlock),
		Slot:             tx.Slot,
		Version:          rawTxBinaryVersionValue(tx.Version),
		Meta:             rawTxMetaFromBinary(tx.Meta, tx.AddressTable),
		Transaction:      rawTxTransactionFromBinary(tx.Transaction, tx.AddressTable),
	}
	if tx.AccountKeyCount > 0 && tx.AccountKeyCount <= uint32(len(accountList)) {
		out.Transaction.Message.AccountKeys = append(solana.PublicKeySlice(nil), accountList[:tx.AccountKeyCount]...)
	} else {
		out.Transaction.Message.AccountKeys = append(solana.PublicKeySlice(nil), accountList...)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func (txs *RawTxsBinary) ToRawTxs() ([]*RawTx, error) {
	if txs == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	out := make([]*RawTx, 0, len(txs.Txs))
	for i := range txs.Txs {
		txs.Txs[i].AddressTable = txs.AddressTable
		tx, err := txs.Txs[i].ToRawTx()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
		out = append(out, tx)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func (blocks *RawTxBlocksBinary) ToRawTxBlocks() ([][]*RawTx, error) {
	if blocks == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	out := make([][]*RawTx, 0, len(blocks.BlockTxCounts))
	txOffset := 0
	for blockIndex, count := range blocks.BlockTxCounts {
		block := make([]*RawTx, 0, count)
		for txIndex := uint32(0); txIndex < count; txIndex++ {
			if txOffset >= len(blocks.Txs) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d]: tx offset out of range", blockIndex, txIndex)
			}
			blocks.Txs[txOffset].AddressTable = blocks.AddressTable
			tx, err := blocks.Txs[txOffset].ToRawTx()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("block[%d].tx[%d]: %w", blockIndex, txIndex, err)
			}
			block = append(block, tx)
			txOffset++
		}
		out = append(out, block)
	}
	if txOffset != len(blocks.Txs) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("raw tx blocks unused tx payloads: %d", len(blocks.Txs)-txOffset)
	}
	return out, nil
}

type rawTxsBinaryHeader struct {
	schemaVersion uint16
	addressTable  []solana.PublicKey
	blockTime     int64
	count         uint32
}

func rawTxBinaryWriteHeader(enc *txBinaryEncoder, schemaVersion uint16, addressTable []solana.PublicKey) error {
	if schemaVersion != rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent {
		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported raw tx binary schema version: %d", schemaVersion)
	}
	enc.writeUint16(schemaVersion)
	return enc.writeAddressTable(addressTable)
}

func rawTxBinaryReadHeader(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (uint16, []solana.PublicKey, error) {
	schemaVersion, err := dec.readUint16()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, nil, err
	}
	if schemaVersion != rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent {
		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported raw tx binary schema version: %d", schemaVersion)
	}
	addressTable, err := txBinaryReadAddressTable(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, nil, err
	}
	return schemaVersion, addressTable, nil
}

func rawTxBinaryReadTxsHeader(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (*rawTxsBinaryHeader, error) {
	magic, err := dec.readN(len(rawTxsBinaryMagic))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !bytes.Equal(magic, rawTxsBinaryMagic[:]) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid raw txs binary magic")
	}
	schemaVersion, addressTable, err := rawTxBinaryReadHeader(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	blockTime, err := readInt64(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &rawTxsBinaryHeader{schemaVersion: schemaVersion, addressTable: addressTable, blockTime: blockTime, count: count}, nil
}

func rawTxBinaryWriteTxBody(enc *txBinaryEncoder, tx *RawTxBinary, includeBlockTime bool) error {
	if includeBlockTime {
		enc.writeUint64(uint64(tx.BlockTime))
	}
	enc.writeUint32(tx.IndexWithinBlock)
	enc.writeUint64(tx.Slot)
	enc.writeUint8(tx.Version)
	enc.writeUint32(tx.AccountKeyCount)
	writeUint32Slice(enc, tx.AccountList)
	if err := writeRawTxMetaBinary(enc, tx.Meta); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return writeRawTxTransactionBinary(enc, tx.Transaction)
}

func rawTxBinaryReadTxBody(dec txBinaryBodyReader, tx *RawTxBinary, addressTable []solana.PublicKey, blockTime *int64) error {
	var err error
	if blockTime == nil {
		if tx.BlockTime, err = readInt64(dec); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		tx.BlockTime = *blockTime
	}
	if tx.IndexWithinBlock, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.Slot, err = dec.readUint64(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.Version, err = dec.readUint8(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.AccountKeyCount, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.AccountList, err = readUint32Slice(dec); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.Meta, err = readRawTxMetaBinary(dec); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if tx.Transaction, err = readRawTxTransactionBinary(dec); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	tx.SchemaVersion = rawTxBinarySchemaVersionCurrent
	tx.AddressTable = addressTable
	return nil
}

func rawTxMetaToBinary(meta *Meta, addressIndex *txBinaryAddressIndex) (RawTxMetaBinary, error) {
	out := RawTxMetaBinary{
		Err:                  cloneTransactionParsedError(meta.Err),
		Fee:                  meta.Fee,
		InnerInstructions:    cloneInnerInstructions(meta.InnerInstructions),
		PostBalances:         append([]uint64(nil), meta.PostBalances...),
		PreBalances:          append([]uint64(nil), meta.PreBalances...),
		ComputeUnitsConsumed: meta.ComputeUnitsConsumed,
	}
	var err error
	out.TokenBalances, err = rawTxTokenBalancesToBinary(meta.PreTokenBalances, meta.PostTokenBalances, addressIndex)
	if err != nil {
		return out, fmt.Errorf("token_balances: %w", err)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func rawTxMessageToBinary(message *Message, addressIndex *txBinaryAddressIndex) (RawTxMessageBinary, error) {
	out := RawTxMessageBinary{
		Header:       message.Header,
		Instructions: cloneInstructions(message.Instructions),
	}
	out.AddressTableLookups = make([]RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary, 0, len(message.AddressTableLookups))
	for i, lookup := range message.AddressTableLookups {
		accountKey, err := addressIndex.id(lookup.AccountKey)
		if err != nil {
			return out, fmt.Errorf("address_table_lookups[%d].account_key: %w", i, err)
		}
		out.AddressTableLookups = append(out.AddressTableLookups, RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary{
			AccountKey:      accountKey,
			WritableIndexes: append([]uint8(nil), lookup.WritableIndexes...),
			ReadonlyIndexes: append([]uint8(nil), lookup.ReadonlyIndexes...),
		})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func rawTxTokenBalancesToBinary(preBalances []TokenBalance, postBalances []TokenBalance, addressIndex *txBinaryAddressIndex) ([]RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, error) {
	out := make([]RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, 0, len(preBalances)+len(postBalances))
	byAccountIndex := make(map[uint16]int, len(preBalances)+len(postBalances))
	for i, balance := range preBalances {
		encoded, err := rawTxTokenBalanceToBinary(balance, addressIndex)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("pre[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
		if _, exists := byAccountIndex[encoded.AccountIndex]; exists {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("pre[%d].account_index duplicate: %d", i, encoded.AccountIndex)
		}
		encoded.HasPreAmount = true
		encoded.PreAmount = balance.UITokenAmount.Amount
		byAccountIndex[encoded.AccountIndex] = len(out)
		out = append(out, encoded)
	}
	for i, balance := range postBalances {
		encoded, err := rawTxTokenBalanceToBinary(balance, addressIndex)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("post[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
		if existingIndex, exists := byAccountIndex[encoded.AccountIndex]; exists {
			if out[existingIndex].HasPostAmount {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("post[%d].account_index duplicate: %d", i, encoded.AccountIndex)
			}
			if !rawTxTokenBalanceBinarySameIdentity(out[existingIndex], encoded) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("post[%d].account_index %d identity mismatch", i, encoded.AccountIndex)
			}
			out[existingIndex].HasPostAmount = true
			out[existingIndex].PostAmount = balance.UITokenAmount.Amount
			continue
		}
		encoded.HasPostAmount = true
		encoded.PostAmount = balance.UITokenAmount.Amount
		byAccountIndex[encoded.AccountIndex] = len(out)
		out = append(out, encoded)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func rawTxTokenBalanceToBinary(balance TokenBalance, addressIndex *txBinaryAddressIndex) (RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, error) {
	mintAccount, ownerAccount, programIDAccount, err := rawTxBinaryTokenBalanceAccounts(balance)
	if err != nil {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, err
	}
	mint, err := addressIndex.id(mintAccount)
	if err != nil {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("mint: %w", err)
	}
	programID, err := addressIndex.id(programIDAccount)
	if err != nil {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("program_id: %w", err)
	}
	if mint > math.MaxUint16 {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("mint ref overflows uint16: %d", mint)
	}
	if programID > math.MaxUint16 {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("program_id ref overflows uint16: %d", programID)
	}
	if balance.UITokenAmount.Decimals > math.MaxUint8 {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("decimals overflows uint8: %d", balance.UITokenAmount.Decimals)
	}
	if balance.AccountIndex < 0 || balance.AccountIndex > math.MaxUint16 {
		return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("account_index overflows uint16: %d", balance.AccountIndex)
	}
	encoded := RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{
		AccountIndex:     uint16(balance.AccountIndex),
		MintAccount:      uint16(mint),
		ProgramIDAccount: uint16(programID),
		Decimals:         uint8(balance.UITokenAmount.Decimals),
	}
	if ownerAccount != nil {
		owner, err := addressIndex.id(*ownerAccount)
		if err != nil {
			return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("owner: %w", err)
		}
		if owner > math.MaxUint16 {
			return RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}, fmt.Errorf("owner ref overflows uint16: %d", owner)
		}
		encoded.OwnerAccount = uint16(owner)
		encoded.HasOwnerAccount = true
	}
	return encoded, nil
}

func rawTxTokenBalanceBinarySameIdentity(a, b RawTxTokenBalanceBinary) bool {
	return a.AccountIndex == b.AccountIndex &&
		a.MintAccount == b.MintAccount &&
		a.OwnerAccount == b.OwnerAccount &&
		a.HasOwnerAccount == b.HasOwnerAccount &&
		a.ProgramIDAccount == b.ProgramIDAccount &&
		a.Decimals == b.Decimals
}

func rawTxMetaFromBinary(meta RawTxMetaBinary, addressTable []solana.PublicKey) Meta {
	preTokenBalances, postTokenBalances := rawTxTokenBalancesFromBinary(meta.TokenBalances, addressTable)
	return Meta{
		Err:                  cloneTransactionParsedError(meta.Err),
		Fee:                  meta.Fee,
		InnerInstructions:    cloneInnerInstructions(meta.InnerInstructions),
		PostBalances:         append([]uint64(nil), meta.PostBalances...),
		PostTokenBalances:    postTokenBalances,
		PreBalances:          append([]uint64(nil), meta.PreBalances...),
		PreTokenBalances:     preTokenBalances,
		Rewards:              nil,
		ComputeUnitsConsumed: meta.ComputeUnitsConsumed,
	}
}

func rawTxTransactionFromBinary(tx RawTxTransactionBinary, addressTable []solana.PublicKey) Transaction {
	out := Transaction{
		Message: Message{
			Header:              tx.Message.Header,
			AddressTableLookups: rawTxAddressTableLookupsFromBinary(tx.Message.AddressTableLookups, addressTable),
			Instructions:        cloneInstructions(tx.Message.Instructions),
		},
	}
	if tx.HasSignature {
		out.Signatures = []solana.Signature{tx.Signature}
	}
	return out
}

func rawTxTokenBalancesFromBinary(balances []RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, addressTable []solana.PublicKey) ([]TokenBalance, []TokenBalance) {
	pre := make([]TokenBalance, 0, len(balances))
	post := make([]TokenBalance, 0, len(balances))
	for _, balance := range balances {
		mint, _ := txBinaryAddressAt(addressTable, uint32(balance.MintAccount), "token_balance.mint")
		programID, _ := txBinaryAddressAt(addressTable, uint32(balance.ProgramIDAccount), "token_balance.program_id")
		var owner *solana.PublicKey
		if balance.HasOwnerAccount {
			ownerKey, _ := txBinaryAddressAt(addressTable, uint32(balance.OwnerAccount), "token_balance.owner")
			owner = &ownerKey
		}
		if balance.HasPreAmount {
			tb := rawTxTokenBalanceFromBinary(balance, balance.PreAmount, mint, owner, programID)
			pre = append(pre, tb)
		}
		if balance.HasPostAmount {
			tb := rawTxTokenBalanceFromBinary(balance, balance.PostAmount, mint, owner, programID)
			post = append(post, tb)
		}
	}
	return pre, post
}

func rawTxTokenBalanceFromBinary(balance RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, amount string, mint solana.PublicKey, owner *solana.PublicKey, programID solana.PublicKey) TokenBalance {
	uiAmountDecimal := rawTxBinaryUIAmountDecimal(amount, balance.Decimals)
	uiAmount, _ := uiAmountDecimal.Float64()
	tb := TokenBalance{
		AccountIndex:     int(balance.AccountIndex),
		MintAccount:      mint,
		OwnerAccount:     owner,
		ProgramIDAccount: programID,
		UITokenAmount: UITokenAmount{
			Amount:         amount,
			Decimals:       uint64(balance.Decimals),
			UIAmount:       uiAmount,
			UIAmountString: uiAmountDecimal.String(),
		},
	}
	tb.ParseAccount()
	return tb
}

func rawTxAddressTableLookupsFromBinary(lookups []RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary, addressTable []solana.PublicKey) solana.MessageAddressTableLookupSlice {
	out := make(solana.MessageAddressTableLookupSlice, 0, len(lookups))
	for _, lookup := range lookups {
		accountKey, _ := txBinaryAddressAt(addressTable, lookup.AccountKey, "address_table_lookup.account_key")
		out = append(out, solana.MessageAddressTableLookup{
			AccountKey:      accountKey,
			WritableIndexes: append([]uint8(nil), lookup.WritableIndexes...),
			ReadonlyIndexes: append([]uint8(nil), lookup.ReadonlyIndexes...),
		})
	}
	return out
}

func writeRawTxMetaBinary(enc *txBinaryEncoder, meta RawTxMetaBinary) error {
	writeTransactionParsedError(enc, meta.Err)
	enc.writeUint64(meta.Fee)
	if err := writeInnerInstructions(enc, meta.InnerInstructions); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("inner_instructions: %w", err)
	}
	if err := writeLamportBalances(enc, meta.PreBalances, meta.PostBalances); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("balances: %w", err)
	}
	if err := writeTokenBalances(enc, meta.TokenBalances); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("token_balances: %w", err)
	}
	enc.writeUint64(meta.ComputeUnitsConsumed)
	return nil
}

func readRawTxMetaBinary(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (RawTxMetaBinary, error) {
	var out RawTxMetaBinary
	var err error
	if out.Err, err = readTransactionParsedError(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.Fee, err = dec.readUint64(); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.InnerInstructions, err = readInnerInstructions(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.PreBalances, out.PostBalances, err = readLamportBalances(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.TokenBalances, err = readTokenBalances(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.ComputeUnitsConsumed, err = dec.readUint64(); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeRawTxTransactionBinary(enc *txBinaryEncoder, tx RawTxTransactionBinary) error {
	enc.writeBool(tx.HasSignature)
	if tx.HasSignature {
		enc.writeBytes(tx.Signature[:])
	}
	writeHeader(enc, tx.Message.Header)
	if err := writeInstructions(enc, tx.Message.Instructions); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("instructions: %w", err)
	}
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(tx.Message.AddressTableLookups)))
	for _, lookup := range tx.Message.AddressTableLookups {
		enc.writeUint32(lookup.AccountKey)
		writeUint8Slice(enc, lookup.WritableIndexes)
		writeUint8Slice(enc, lookup.ReadonlyIndexes)
	}
	return nil
}

func readRawTxTransactionBinary(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (RawTxTransactionBinary, error) {
	var out RawTxTransactionBinary
	hasSignature, err := dec.readBool()
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	out.HasSignature = hasSignature
	if hasSignature {
		raw, err := dec.readN(64)
		if err != nil {
			return out, err
		}
		out.Signature = solana.SignatureFromBytes(raw)
	}
	if out.Message.Header, err = readHeader(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	if out.Message.Instructions, err = readInstructions(dec); err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	lookupCount, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	out.Message.AddressTableLookups = make([]RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary, 0, lookupCount)
	for i := uint32(0); i < lookupCount; i++ {
		lookup := RawTxAddressTableLookupBinary{}
		if lookup.AccountKey, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
			return out, err
		}
		if lookup.WritableIndexes, err = readUint8Slice(dec); err != nil {
			return out, err
		}
		if lookup.ReadonlyIndexes, err = readUint8Slice(dec); err != nil {
			return out, err
		}
		out.Message.AddressTableLookups = append(out.Message.AddressTableLookups, lookup)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeTransactionParsedError(enc *txBinaryEncoder, errValue *TransactionParsedError) {
	enc.writeBool(errValue != nil)
	if errValue == nil {
		return
	}
	enc.writeUint8(errValue.Index)
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(errValue.Variant))
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(errValue.Enum))
	enc.writeUint32(errValue.CustomCode)
}

func readTransactionParsedError(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (*TransactionParsedError, error) {
	hasErr, err := dec.readBool()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if !hasErr {
		return nil, nil
	}
	out := &TransactionParsedError{}
	if out.Index, err = dec.readUint8(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var variant uint32
	if variant, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out.Variant = TransactionErrorVariant(variant)
	var enum uint32
	if enum, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out.Enum = InstructionErrorVariant(enum)
	if out.CustomCode, err = dec.readUint32(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeInnerInstructions(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []InnerInstructions) error {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for i, value := range values {
		enc.writeUint32(uint32(value.Index))
		if err := writeInstructions(enc, value.Instructions); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("[%d].instructions: %w", i, err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func readInnerInstructions(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]InnerInstructions, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]InnerInstructions, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		index, err := dec.readUint32()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		instructions, err := readInstructions(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, InnerInstructions{Index: int(index), Instructions: instructions})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeInstructions(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []Instruction) error {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for i, value := range values {
		if value.ProgramIDIndex < 0 || value.ProgramIDIndex > math.MaxUint16 {
			return fmt.Errorf("[%d].program_id_index overflows uint16: %d", i, value.ProgramIDIndex)
		}
		enc.writeUint16(uint16(value.ProgramIDIndex))
		if err := writeAccountIndexSlice(enc, value.Accounts); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("[%d].accounts: %w", i, err)
		}
		writeByteSlice(enc, value.Data)
		enc.writeBool(value.StackHeight != nil)
		if value.StackHeight != nil {
			enc.writeUint32(uint32(*value.StackHeight))
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func readInstructions(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]Instruction, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]Instruction, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		programIDIndex, err := dec.readUint16()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		accounts, err := readAccountIndexSlice(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		data, err := readByteSlice(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		hasStackHeight, err := dec.readBool()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		var stackHeight *int
		if hasStackHeight {
			rawStackHeight, err := dec.readUint32()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			sh := int(rawStackHeight)
			stackHeight = &sh
		}
		out = append(out, Instruction{
			ProgramIDIndex: int(programIDIndex),
			Accounts:       accounts,
			Data:           solana.Base58(data),
			StackHeight:    stackHeight,
		})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeTokenBalances(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []RawTxTokenBalanceBinary) error {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for i, value := range values {
		enc.writeUint16(value.AccountIndex)
		enc.writeUint16(value.MintAccount)
		enc.writeBool(value.HasOwnerAccount)
		if value.HasOwnerAccount {
			enc.writeUint16(value.OwnerAccount)
		}
		enc.writeUint16(value.ProgramIDAccount)
		enc.writeUint8(value.Decimals)
		enc.writeBool(value.HasPreAmount)
		if value.HasPreAmount {
			if err := writeUint256String(enc, value.PreAmount); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("[%d].pre_amount: %w", i, err)
			}
		}
		enc.writeBool(value.HasPostAmount)
		if value.HasPostAmount {
			if err := writeUint256String(enc, value.PostAmount); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("[%d].post_amount: %w", i, err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func readTokenBalances(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]RawTxTokenBalanceBinary, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value := RawTxTokenBalanceBinary{}
		if value.AccountIndex, err = dec.readUint16(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.MintAccount, err = dec.readUint16(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.HasOwnerAccount, err = dec.readBool(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.HasOwnerAccount {
			if value.OwnerAccount, err = dec.readUint16(); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
		if value.ProgramIDAccount, err = dec.readUint16(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.Decimals, err = dec.readUint8(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.HasPreAmount, err = dec.readBool(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.HasPreAmount {
			if value.PreAmount, err = readUint256String(dec); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
		if value.HasPostAmount, err = dec.readBool(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if value.HasPostAmount {
			if value.PostAmount, err = readUint256String(dec); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
		out = append(out, value)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeHeader(enc *txBinaryEncoder, header Header) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(header.NumReadonlySignedAccounts))
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(header.NumReadonlyUnsignedAccounts))
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(header.NumRequiredSignatures))
}

func readHeader(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (Header, error) {
	var out Header
	value, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	out.NumReadonlySignedAccounts = int(value)
	value, err = dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	out.NumReadonlyUnsignedAccounts = int(value)
	value, err = dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return out, err
	}
	out.NumRequiredSignatures = int(value)
	return out, nil
}

func writeString(enc *txBinaryEncoder, value string) {
	writeByteSlice(enc, []byte(value))
}

func readString(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (string, error) {
	raw, err := readByteSlice(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return string(raw), nil
}

func writeStringSlice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []string) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for _, value := range values {
		writeString(enc, value)
	}
}

func readStringSlice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]string, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]string, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := readString(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, value)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeByteSlice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []byte) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	enc.writeBytes(values)
}

func readByteSlice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]byte, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return dec.readN(int(count))
}

func writeUint256String(enc *txBinaryEncoder, value string) error {
	amount, err := rawTxBinaryParseUint256(value)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	raw := amount.Bytes()
	enc.writeUint8(uint8(len(raw)))
	enc.writeBytes(raw)
	return nil
}

func readUint256String(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (string, error) {
	length, err := dec.readUint8()
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	if length > 32 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("uint256 length exceeds 32 bytes: %d", length)
	}
	if length == 0 {
		return "0", nil
	}
	raw, err := dec.readN(int(length))
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return new(big.Int).SetBytes(raw).String(), nil
}

func writeUint8Slice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []uint8) {
	writeByteSlice(enc, values)
}

func readUint8Slice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]uint8, error) {
	return readByteSlice(dec)
}

func writeUint32Slice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []uint32) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for _, value := range values {
		enc.writeUint32(value)
	}
}

func readUint32Slice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]uint32, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]uint32, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := dec.readUint32()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, value)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeAccountIndexSlice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []int) error {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for i, value := range values {
		if value < 0 || value > math.MaxUint16 {
			return fmt.Errorf("[%d] overflows uint16: %d", i, value)
		}
		enc.writeUint16(uint16(value))
	}
	return nil
}

func readAccountIndexSlice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]int, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]int, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := dec.readUint16()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, int(value))
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeLamportBalances(enc *txBinaryEncoder, preBalances []uint64, postBalances []uint64) error {
	if len(preBalances) != len(postBalances) {
		return fmt.Errorf("pre/post balance length mismatch: pre=%d post=%d", len(preBalances), len(postBalances))
	}
	writeUvarint(enc, uint64(len(preBalances)))
	for _, value := range preBalances {
		writeUvarint(enc, value)
	}
	changed := 0
	for i := range preBalances {
		if preBalances[i] != postBalances[i] {
			changed++
		}
	}
	writeUvarint(enc, uint64(changed))
	for i := range preBalances {
		if preBalances[i] == postBalances[i] {
			continue
		}
		writeUvarint(enc, uint64(i))
		if err := writeLamportDelta(enc, preBalances[i], postBalances[i]); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("balance[%d]: %w", i, err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func readLamportBalances(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]uint64, []uint64, error) {
	count, err := readUvarint(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	if count > uint64(math.MaxUint32) {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("balance count too large: %d", count)
	}
	preBalances := make([]uint64, 0, count)
	for i := uint64(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := readUvarint(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		preBalances = append(preBalances, value)
	}
	postBalances := append([]uint64(nil), preBalances...)
	changed, err := readUvarint(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	for i := uint64(0); i < changed; i++ {
		index, err := readUvarint(dec)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		if index >= uint64(len(postBalances)) {
			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("post balance changed index out of range: %d", index)
		}
		value, err := readLamportDelta(dec, preBalances[index])
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("balance[%d]: %w", index, err)
		}
		postBalances[index] = value
	}
	return preBalances, postBalances, nil
}

func writeLamportDelta(enc *txBinaryEncoder, pre uint64, post uint64) error {
	const maxInt64Uint = uint64(1<<63 - 1)
	var encoded uint64
	if post >= pre {
		diff := post - pre
		if diff > maxInt64Uint {
			return fmt.Errorf("positive delta overflows int64: %d", diff)
		}
		encoded = diff << 1
	} else {
		diff := pre - post
		if diff > maxInt64Uint {
			return fmt.Errorf("negative delta overflows int64: %d", diff)
		}
		encoded = (diff << 1) | 1
	}
	writeUvarint(enc, encoded)
	return nil
}

func readLamportDelta(dec txBinaryBodyReader, pre uint64) (uint64, error) {
	encoded, err := readUvarint(dec)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	diff := encoded >> 1
	if encoded&1 == 0 {
		if ^uint64(0)-pre < diff {
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("positive delta overflows uint64: pre=%d delta=%d", pre, diff)
		}
		return pre + diff, nil
	}
	if pre < diff {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("negative delta underflows uint64: pre=%d delta=%d", pre, diff)
	}
	return pre - diff, nil
}

func writeUvarint(enc *txBinaryEncoder, value uint64) {
	var raw [binary.MaxVarintLen64]byte
	n := binary.PutUvarint(raw[:], value)
	enc.writeBytes(raw[:n])
}

func readUvarint(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (uint64, error) {
	var value uint64
	for shift := uint(0); shift < 64; shift += 7 {
		b, err := dec.readUint8()
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		if b < 0x80 {
			if shift == 63 && b > 1 {
				return 0, fmt.Errorf("uvarint overflows uint64")
			}
			return value | uint64(b)<<shift, nil
		}
		value |= uint64(b&0x7f) << shift
	}
	return 0, fmt.Errorf("uvarint overflows uint64")
}

func writeUint64Slice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []uint64) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for _, value := range values {
		enc.writeUint64(value)
	}
}

func readUint64Slice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]uint64, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]uint64, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := dec.readUint64()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, value)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func writeIntSlice(enc *txBinaryEncoder, values []int) {
	enc.writeUint32(uint32(len(values)))
	for _, value := range values {
		enc.writeUint32(uint32(value))
	}
}

func readIntSlice(dec txBinaryBodyReader) ([]int, error) {
	count, err := dec.readUint32()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]int, 0, count)
	for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
		value, err := dec.readUint32()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, int(value))
	}
	return out, nil
}

func readInt64(dec txBinaryBodyReader) (int64, error) {
	value, err := dec.readUint64()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return int64(value), nil
}

func rawTxBinaryBuildAddressTable(txs []*RawTx) ([]solana.PublicKey, error) {
	builder := txBinaryAddressTableBuilder{index: make(map[solana.PublicKey]struct{})}
	for txIndex, tx := range txs {
		if tx == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d] is nil", txIndex)
		}
		for accountIndex, account := range tx.getAccountList() {
			if err := builder.add(account); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d].account_list[%d]: %w", txIndex, accountIndex, err)
			}
		}
		for lookupIndex, lookup := range tx.Transaction.Message.AddressTableLookups {
			if err := builder.add(lookup.AccountKey); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d].address_table_lookups[%d].account_key: %w", txIndex, lookupIndex, err)
			}
		}
		for balanceIndex, balance := range tx.Meta.PreTokenBalances {
			if err := rawTxBinaryAddTokenBalanceAddresses(&builder, balance); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d].pre_token_balances[%d]: %w", txIndex, balanceIndex, err)
			}
		}
		for balanceIndex, balance := range tx.Meta.PostTokenBalances {
			if err := rawTxBinaryAddTokenBalanceAddresses(&builder, balance); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("tx[%d].post_token_balances[%d]: %w", txIndex, balanceIndex, err)
			}
		}
	}
	return builder.addresses, nil
}

func rawTxBinarySharedBlockTime(txs []*RawTx, field string) (int64, error) {
	if len(txs) == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}
	blockTime := txs[0].BlockTime
	for i, tx := range txs {
		if tx.BlockTime != blockTime {
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("%s[%d] block time mismatch: got %d want %d", field, i, tx.BlockTime, blockTime)
		}
	}
	return blockTime, nil
}

func rawTxBinaryAddTokenBalanceAddresses(builder *txBinaryAddressTableBuilder, balance TokenBalance) error {
	mintAccount, ownerAccount, programIDAccount, err := rawTxBinaryTokenBalanceAccounts(balance)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := builder.add(mintAccount); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("mint: %w", err)
	}
	if ownerAccount != nil {
		if err := builder.add(*ownerAccount); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("owner: %w", err)
		}
	}
	if err := builder.add(programIDAccount); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("program_id: %w", err)
	}
	return nil
}

func rawTxBinaryTokenBalanceAccounts(balance TokenBalance) (solana.PublicKey, *solana.PublicKey, solana.PublicKey, error) {
	mintAccount := balance.MintAccount
	if mintAccount.IsZero() && balance.Mint != "" {
		parsed, err := solana.PublicKeyFromBase58(balance.Mint)
		if err != nil {
			return solana.PublicKey{}, nil, solana.PublicKey{}, fmt.Errorf("mint: %w", err)
		}
		mintAccount = parsed
	}

	ownerAccount := balance.OwnerAccount
	if ownerAccount == nil && balance.Owner != "" {
		parsed, err := solana.PublicKeyFromBase58(balance.Owner)
		if err != nil {
			return solana.PublicKey{}, nil, solana.PublicKey{}, fmt.Errorf("owner: %w", err)
		}
		ownerAccount = &parsed
	}

	programIDAccount := balance.ProgramIDAccount
	if programIDAccount.IsZero() && balance.ProgramID != "" {
		parsed, err := solana.PublicKeyFromBase58(balance.ProgramID)
		if err != nil {
			return solana.PublicKey{}, nil, solana.PublicKey{}, fmt.Errorf("program_id: %w", err)
		}
		programIDAccount = parsed
	}

	return mintAccount, ownerAccount, programIDAccount, nil
}

func rawTxBinaryResolveAccountList(addressTable []solana.PublicKey, refs []uint32) ([]solana.PublicKey, error) {
	out := make([]solana.PublicKey, 0, len(refs))
	for i, ref := range refs {
		address, err := txBinaryAddressAt(addressTable, ref, fmt.Sprintf("account_list[%d]", i))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		out = append(out, address)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func cloneTransactionParsedError(errValue *TransactionParsedError) *TransactionParsedError {
	if errValue == nil {
		return nil
	}
	out := *errValue
	return &out
}

func cloneInnerInstructions(values []InnerInstructions) []InnerInstructions {
	out := make([]InnerInstructions, 0, len(values))
	for _, value := range values {
		out = append(out, InnerInstructions{
			Index:        value.Index,
			Instructions: cloneInstructions(value.Instructions),
		})
	}
	return out
}

func cloneInstructions(values []Instruction) []Instruction {
	out := make([]Instruction, 0, len(values))
	for _, value := range values {
		cloned := Instruction{
			Accounts:       append([]int(nil), value.Accounts...),
			Data:           append(solana.Base58(nil), value.Data...),
			ProgramIDIndex: value.ProgramIDIndex,
		}
		if value.StackHeight != nil {
			stackHeight := *value.StackHeight
			cloned.StackHeight = &stackHeight
		}
		out = append(out, cloned)
	}
	return out
}

func rawTxBinaryVersionID(version interface{}) uint8 {
	switch value := version.(type) {
	case solana.MessageVersion:
		if value == solana.MessageVersionV0 {
			return 1
		}
		return 0
	case int:
		if value == int(solana.MessageVersionV0) {
			return 1
		}
	case uint64:
		if value == uint64(solana.MessageVersionV0) {
			return 1
		}
	case float64:
		if value == float64(solana.MessageVersionV0) {
			return 1
		}
	case string:
		if value == "0" {
			return 1
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func rawTxBinaryVersionValue(version uint8) interface{} {
	if version == 1 {
		return solana.MessageVersionV0
	}
	return solana.MessageVersionLegacy
}

func rawTxBinaryParseUint256(value string) (*big.Int, error) {
	if value == "" {
		value = "0"
	}
	amount, ok := new(big.Int).SetString(value, 10)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid uint256 decimal: %q", value)
	}
	if amount.Sign() < 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("uint256 must be >= 0: %s", value)
	}
	if amount.BitLen() > 256 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("uint256 overflow: %s", value)
	}
	return amount, nil
}

func rawTxBinaryUIAmountDecimal(amount string, decimals uint8) decimal.Decimal {
	rawAmount, err := rawTxBinaryParseUint256(amount)
	if err != nil {
		return decimal.Zero
	}
	return decimal.NewFromBigInt(rawAmount, -int32(decimals))
}